Here we evaluate the BR (25%, 50% and 75%) batch composting with raw palm oil mill waste (POMW) and palm oil compost (POC). The pH, EC, total N and organic carbon, C:N ratio, water holding capacity (WHC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), granulometry and elemental composition were determined after 90 days of composting.
Besides, eforts have been made to recover residual oil from palm fber using solvent and supercritical fuid extraction [46]. In Table 2, we can see the development of palm oil waste management summarised by some references. 3.3. Composting Process of Palm Oil Waste. Te composting process can be divided into two stages, namely, active and ripening.
Dec 15, 2021 · Composting is an effective technology to recycle organic solid waste as a green resource. However, pharmaceutical fermentation residue (PFR) contains a variety of pollutants, such as residual drug and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which limits the green cycle of using PFR as a resource.
Jan 10, 2024 · Disposal of the massive PCFW is critical for valid management of municipal solid wastes. Composting is an effective way to convert food waste into organic fertilizer for plant growth, which helps turn a one-way process into a recycling mode. The nutrients in the compost are reused in the soil, and the need for chemical fertilizers is reduced.
Previously, a unique co-compost produced by composting empty fruit bunch with anaerobic sludge from palm oil mill effluent, which contributed to establishing a zero-emission industry in Malaysia. Little was known about the bacterial functions during the composting process and fertilization capacity of this co-compost.
Apr 1, 2022 · Bauxite residue (BR) is a by-product of Bayer process, which is applied for alumina production. Due to its inherent alkalinity and sodicity, the use of BR is globally limited to 2–3% of the 150
Jan 20, 2022 · The use of livestock manure is an important way for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to enter the environment, and composting is an effective method for removing ARGs from livestock manure. In
Aug 11, 2020 · Corrosion is the scourge in our metal-based civilization. Corrosion-induced material degradation annually accounts for at least 2–3% of gross national product for an industrialized economy 1.
Mar 1, 2011 · Compared to conventional palm oil mills the total amount of palm oil mill effluent (POME) can he reduced from 0.65 m3 t FFB to 0.45 rn3 t (conventional sterilization and zero dilution water) and 0
Jan 1, 2012 · The objectives of this literature review are (1) to discuss the role of filamentous fungi used for composting in agro-industrial wastes, (2) to introduce oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFBs) and palm oil mill effluent (POME) as the potential raw materials for composting and (3) to review the composting process of these materials with microbial
Jan 14, 2022 · Composting is an important technology used to treat and convert organic waste into value-added products. Recently, several studies have been done to investigate the effects of microbial supplementation on the composting of agro-industrial waste. According to these studies, microbial inoculation is considered to be one of the suitable for enhancing the biotransformation of organic
Dec 15, 2021 · All targeted seven ARGs and four MGEs were detected in the PFR co-composting process. Fig. 1 shows the variations in absolute abundances of ARGs during composting. In the fermentation residue samples, the total number of copies of seven target ARGs was 2.31 10 8 –3.75 10 11 copies/g, and the mean number of copies was 1.79 10 9 copies/g.
Jun 8, 2020 · Two-stage anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a promising method for converting the waste from the largest agricultural industry in Southeast Asia into a clean and sustainable
2.3 Waste management and composting in the life cycle of palm oil studies published in peer review journals or Besides the land use change impact, the main sources of environmental impact from palm oil production on mineral soils are the treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent [POME] in the mill, the use
Oct 22, 2014 · Approximately 420 oil palm mills in Malaysia handle with the quantity of waste created in the palm oil extraction process. About 5.5 t of fresh fruit bunch (FFB) are needed by palm oil mill for extraction of 1.0 t crude palm oil. The wastes generated are 28 % EFB, 24 % fibres, 6 % shell, 3 % DC and POME.