Aug 21, 2020 · The use of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) in new cultivation cycles has already been reported due to its economic and environmental viability. When considering the application of the circular economy concept in the production of edible mushrooms, the re-use of the SMS within the same process is highly attractive, because it allows a better use of the biomass and the energy involved in the
Sep 13, 2023 · In recent years, the optimization of straw-rotting formulations for cultivating edible mushrooms and the management of the resulting spent mushroom substrate have emerged as new challenges. This study aimed to investigate the composting of spent mushroom substrate produced from mushroom cultivation with various straw additions, under conditions where chicken manure was also used. Parameters
Oct 21, 2021 · Thoroughly mix the wet straw. Cover it by using wet jute bags for the next 16-18 hours. Step 05: Take urea, husk of wheat, calcium ammonium nitrate, and other things except gypsum. Evenly mix it with wet straw. Step 06: Make a heap from this mixture. The size of the heap should be 1 × 1 × 1 m.
May 21, 2021 · Edible mushroom are grown commercially using lignocellulosic waste by applying a biological process. However after the harvesting season about 70% of the substrate remain as a spent mushroom compost (SMC). SMC can be the source for retrieving value-added products which support zero waste approach.
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Jul 25, 2012 · The Ontario Ministry of the Environment (ministry or MOE) has prepared revised standards for aerobic composting of organic waste materials, supported by regulatory amendments. Ontario Compost Quality Standards (Standards) updates and replaces, except as explained below, the Interim Guidelines for the Production and Use of Aerobic Compost in
Aug 1, 2021 · Most composting raw materials used till date included animal manure [20], [34], [41], sludge [26], industrial or domestic waste [13], [23], with a small amount of straw or wood chips added to the compost. The succession of fungi community in Chinese herbal residue compost was also reported [30]. However, there are relatively few studies on the
Feb 17, 2023 · Composting is a promising technology for treating organic solid waste. However, greenhouse gases (methane and nitrous oxide) and odor emissions (ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, etc.) during composting are practically unavoidable, leading to severe environmental problems and poor final compost products. The optimization of composting conditions and the application of additives have been considered
Jun 25, 2021 · First, mix the mushroom compost waste with animal manure and lime in a certain proportion. Next step is to allow moisture content to reach 50%-55% by watering the compost pile adequately. At last, pile up the spent mushroom substrate into one-meter-high piles and compost for about 3 weeks.
May 25, 2021 · 1. Introduction. China is one of the largest producers of edible fungi in the world, with 37.12 million tons of production per year (Meng et al., 2018).The annual production of residue wastes named spent mushroom substrate (SMS) in China is up to about 185.6 million tons, calculated according to relevant reports that 5 tons of SMS are produced for each ton of fresh edible fungi, approximately
A rail or channel on the top of each wall supports and guides a compost-turning machine. A loader places raw materials at the front end of the bed. As the turning machine moves forward on the rails, it mixes the compost and discharges the compost behind itself. With each turn, the machine moves the compost at a set distance toward the end of
Five agro-industrial residues, their corresponding spent mushroom substrates (SMS), commercial fresh and spent mushroom compost of Agaricus (SMC) and Pleurotus ostreatus (SMS GZ) cultivation, Pleurotus and Agaricus waste (stipes/mishappen mushrooms) were combined and re-utilized as novel substrates for the cultivation of P. ostreatus, P
